What is insomnia?

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Insomnia is defined as a condition where an individual has trouble either falling asleep or staying asleep, which ultimately affects the quantity and quality of sleep they obtain. This sleep disorder can manifest in various ways, including difficulty initiating sleep, frequent awakenings during the night, or early morning awakenings without being able to return to sleep. The impact of insomnia can be significant, as it often leads to excessive daytime fatigue, irritability, and cognitive impairments, which justifies its classification as a disorder.

The other options describe different aspects of sleep and its disturbances. Excessive daytime sleepiness, for example, may be indicative of sleep disorders such as sleep apnea but does not specifically define insomnia. The condition characterized by dreaming pertains more to the sleep stage known as REM (Rapid Eye Movement) sleep, which does not directly relate to insomnia. Lastly, difficulty in waking up from sleep can be a symptom of oversleeping or poor-quality sleep but does not align with the core characteristics that define insomnia itself.

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