What is the primary function of the retina in the eye?

The primary function of the retina in the eye is to detect light and convert it into nerve impulses. The retina is a thin layer of tissue located at the back of the eye and is composed of photoreceptor cells known as rods and cones. Rods are responsible for vision in low light conditions, while cones are responsible for color vision and detail in brighter light. When light enters the eye, it is focused onto the retina, where these photoreceptors are stimulated. This stimulation generates electrical signals that are then transmitted through the optic nerve to the brain, allowing us to perceive visual images.

The other options refer to functions that are not associated with the retina. Providing color to the eye pertains to the iris, which also controls the amount of light entering the eye. The shape of the lens is controlled by the ciliary muscles, which adjust its curvature to help focus light on the retina. Protecting the eye from foreign objects is primarily the role of the eyelids, eyelashes, and tears.