Which dental condition involves an infection that harms the gums and underlying bone?

Periodontitis is a serious dental condition characterized by an infection that affects the gums and the underlying bone that supports the teeth. It typically follows untreated gingivitis, which is the initial stage of gum disease. In periodontitis, bacteria build up below the gum line causing inflammation and infection, leading to the deterioration of the gums and supporting structures of the teeth. This can result in tooth mobility and loss if not managed properly.

The significance of periodontitis lies in its potential to cause irreversible damage to the periodontal tissues, which can lead to serious oral health issues. Therefore, understanding this condition is critical in the realm of dental health, emphasizing the importance of early intervention and proper oral hygiene practices to prevent its progression.

Other conditions listed, while related to oral health, do not involve the same mechanisms or severity. For instance, pulpitis refers to inflammation of the dental pulp, gingivitis is limited to the inflammation of the gums without bone involvement, and halitosis pertains to bad breath rather than an infective process affecting the gums or bone.